#for_researcher

Myostatin antibody (LY2495655) in older weak fallers: a proof-of-concept, randomised, phase 2 trial

C. Becker, S.R. Lord, S.A. Studenski, et al.

Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015;3:948-957

Myostatin inhibits skeletal muscle growth. The humanised monoclonal antibody LY2495655 (LY) binds and neutralises myostatin. This study aimed to test whether LY increases appendicular lean body mass (aLBM) and improves physical performance in older individuals who have had recent falls and low muscle strength and power. At 24 weeks, the least-squares mean change in aLBM was -0.123 kg in the placebo group and 0.303 kg in the LY group (P < 0.0001). This results show LY treatment increases lean mass and might improve functional measures of muscle power.

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Effects of physical exercise interventions in frail older adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

C. de Labra, C. Guimaraes-Pinheiro, A. Maseda, et al.

BMC Geriatrics. 2015;15:154

Physical exercise has demonstrated its beneficial effects in reducing the risk of many adverse outcomes, such as frailty. The major goal of this systematic review of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) was to investigate the benefits of exercise programs in frail elderly people, considering only those studies where frailty had been defined. This systematic review suggested that frail older adults seemed to benefit from exercise interventions, although the optimal program remains unclear.

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Predictive validity of a two-step tool to map frailty in primary care

J.A.L. van Kempen, H.J. Schers, I. Philp, et al.

BMC Medicine. 2015;13:287

EASY-Care Two step Older people Screening (EASY-Care TOS) is a stepped approach to identify frail older people at risk for negative health outcomes in primary care, and makes use of General Practitioners’ (GPs) readily-available information. This study aimed to determine the predictive value of EASY-Care TOS for negative health outcomes within the year from assessment. GPs applying the EASY-Care TOS procedure, where they only perform additional assessment when they judge this as necessary, can efficiently predict negative health outcomes in their older populations. Moreover, this evaluation is almost as accurate as a complete specialist comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA).

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Is Trunk Posture in Walking a Better Marker than Gait Speed in Predicting Decline in Function and Subsequent Frailty?

R.A. Merchant, S. Banerji, G. Singh, E. Chew, et al.

J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016;17(1):65-70

Older adults are known to compensate well for declining physiological reserve through environmental modification and posture adaptation. This study aimed to analyze and identify significant posture adaptation in older adults that is required to maintain gait speed in the face of increasing vulnerability. Data of this study suggest that identifying trunk posture adaptation before the onset of decline in gait speed will help in planning interventions in the at-risk community-dwelling older adults even before gait speed declines.

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Comparison of Handgrip and Leg Extension Strength in Predicting Slow Gait Speed in Older Adults

M.S. Fragala, D.E. Alley, M.D. Shardell, et al.

J Am Geriatr Soc. 2016;64(1):144-50

This study aimed at comparing the relative predictive power of handgrip and leg extension strength in predicting slow walking.

Results suggest that handgrip strength may be an adequate measure to predict physical function whereas leg extension strength is only a slightly better predictor of slow gait speed.

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Frailty is associated with the epigenetic clock but not with telomere length in a German cohort

L.P. Breitling, K.U. Saum, L. Perna, et al.

Clinical Epigenetics. 2016;8:21

The epigenetic clock, in particular epigenetic pre-aging quantified by the so-called DNA methylation age acceleration, has recently suggested to closely correlate with a variety of disease phenotypes. There remains a dearth of data, however, on its association with telomere length and frailty, which can be considered major correlates of age on the genomic and clinical level, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that epigenetic age acceleration is correlated with clinically relevant aging-related phenotypes through pathways unrelated to cellular senescence as assessed by telomere length.

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Macronutrients Intake and Incident Frailty in Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study

H. Sandoval-Insausti, R.F. Pérez-Tasigchana, E. López-García, et al.

J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016;71(10):1329-34

This study examined the association of protein and other macronutrient intake with the risk of frailty in older adults. Authors concluded that the intake of total protein, animal protein, and MUFAs was inversely associated with incident frailty. Promoting the intake of these nutrients might reduce frailty.

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High Levels of Heavy Metals Increase the Prevalence of Sarcopenia in the Elderly Population

J.I. Yoo, Y.C. Ha, Y.K. Lee, et al.

J Bone Metab. 2016;23(2):101-9

Despite increasing concern regarding health problems as a result of environmental pollutants, no association of toxic heavy metals with sarcopenia has been demonstrated in the general population. In this article the association of heavy metals, including lead, mercury and cadmium, with sarcopenia in the Korean population was investigated. This study demonstrates that high levels of blood lead, mercury and cadmium increase the prevalence of sarcopenia in both genders of elderly populations.

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Neuromuscular function in different stages of sarcopenia

T. Morat, K.J. Gilmore and C.L. Rice

Exp Gerontol. 2016;81:28-36

This study applied the screening tool developed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) on seniors aged over 65years and concurrently tested various laboratory-based indices of neuromuscular function. Based on gait speed, handgrip strength and muscle mass all subjects were categorized into one of the three conceptual sarcopenia stages (pre-sarcopenia, sarcopenia, severe sarcopenia). The laboratory tests found neuromuscular differences among the 3 groups which generally supported the classification scheme and helped to illustrate some key factors that could explain differences in functional capacities.

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Motor Performance and Physical Activity as Predictors of Prospective Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults by Frailty Level: Application of Wearable Technology

M.J. Mohler, C.S. Wendel , R.E. Taylor-Piliae, et al.

Gerontology. 2016;62(6):654-664

This study aimed to evaluate wearable sensor-based measures of gait, balance, and physical activity that are predictive of future falls in community-dwelling older adults. Results obtained suggests that independent predictors of falls are dependent on frailty status. Among sensor-derived parameters, balance deficit, longer typical walking episodes, and shorter typical standing episodes were the most sensitive predictors of prospective falls in the combined pre-frail and frail sample. Gait deficit was not a sensitive fall predictor in the context of frailty status.

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